BIOSIS Previews (c) 1993 Biosciences Information Services 1/ TI - RESIDUE MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON SUGARCANE YIELD AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL AU - BALL-COEHLO B; TIESSEN H; STEWART J W B; SALCEDO I H JR; SAMPAIO E V S B CS - BALL FARM SERV., LTD., 734 TALBOT ST. WEST, AYLMER, ON, N5H 2V1 CANADA. LA - English PU - AGRON J 1993, 85 (5); 1004-1008. CO - AGJOA AN - 98563 VN - 9612 RE - 96131745 CC - *07502 Ecology; Environmental Biology-General; Methods *51504 Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics-Nutrition *51510 Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics-Growth, Differentiation BC - 25305 Gramineae TX - Angiosperms; Monocots; Plants; Spermatophytes; Vascular Plants SF - BA DE - SACCHARUM-SPP PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLES CARBON NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS MULCH SOIL WATER REDUCED WEED GROWTH CROP INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE AB - Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production systems commonly include preharvest or postharvest burning to dispose of residue. In northeastern Brazil, no-burn mulching practices are being introduced as a labor-intensive but environmentally more friendly alternative. We examined the effect of burning crop residues on sugarcane yield and C, N, and P cycles. Carbon, N, and P losses during preharvest burning were measured for a sugarcane first ratoon crop. Postharvest burn and mulch treatments were compared for a plant crop grown on an Oxic Haplustult soil. BIOSIS Previews (c) 1993 Biosciences Information Services 2/ TI - CARBON AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN AN ACID SOIL FERTILIZED WITH COMPOSTED URBAN REFUSES AU - BELOSO M C; VILLAR M C; CABANEIRO A; CARBALLAS M; GONZALEZ-PRIETO S J; CARBALLAS T CS - INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES AGROBIOLOGICAS DE GALICIA, APARTADO 122, 15080 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN. LA - English PU - BIORESOUR TECHNOL 1993, 45 (2); 123-129. CO - BIRTE AN - 8581 VN - 9612 RE - 96141763 CC - *01004 Methods, Materials and Apparatus, General-Laboratory Methods *01008 Methods, Materials and Apparatus, General-Field Methods *10010 Comparative Biochemistry, General *10012 Biochemistry-Gases (1970- ) *10050 Biochemical Methods-General *10059 Biochemical Methods-Minerals BC - 01000 Microorganisms-Unspecified TX - Microorganisms SF - BA DE - WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS AGRICULTURE FERTILIZERS SOIL CONDITIONERS AB - The C- and N-mineralization kinetics of a Gambisol over granite fertilized with four composted urban refuses (one of them amended with CaCO3 in the composting process) as well as the degradation kinetics of the wastes themselves were studied. The C-mineralization was determined by incubation of the samples for 42 days at 28.degree. C in a thermostat bath and measurement of the CO2 evolved from the samples. The N-mineralization was performed by aerobic incubation in an incubator at the same temperature and for the same time as in the case of C. Addition of the composts to the soil significantly increased the C-mineralization rate. About 30% of the organic C of the composts (only 16% in the amended compost) was mineralized after 6 weeks incubation. Most C mineralization took place in the first 3 weeks for only about 3% of the organic C (0.9% in the amended compost) was mineralized between weeks 3 and 6. The amended compost was the only one that stimulated the soil N-mineralization rate. BIOSIS Previews (c) 1993 Biosciences Information Services 3/ TI - CONTRIBUTIONS OF ABOVEGROUND LITTER BELOWGROUND LITTER AND ROOT RESPIRATION TO TOTAL SOIL RESPIRATION IN A TEMPERATE MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST AU - BOWDEN R D; NADELHOFFER K J; BOONE R D; MELILLO J M; GARRISON J B CS - ALLEGHENY COLL., DEP. ENVIRON. SCI., MEADVILLE, PA 16335, USA. LA - English PU - CAN J FOR RES 1993, 23 (7); 1402-1407. CO - CJFRA AN - 2489 VN - 9612 RE - 96135671 CC - *07506 Ecology; Environmental Biology-Plant *51508 Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics-Respiration, Fermentation *52805 Soil Science-Physics and Chemistry (1970- ) *53500 Forestry and Forest Products 10012 Biochemistry-Gases (1970- ) 10060 Biochemical Studies-General BC - 11000 Plantae-Unspecified 25000 Spermatophyta TX - Plants; Spermatophytes; Vascular Plants SF - BA DE - TREE PLANT CARBON DIOXIDE FLUXES FORESTRY ECOLOGY DECOMPOSITION AB - Estimating contributions by root respiration and root litter to total soil respiration is difficult owing to problems in measuring each component separately. In a mixed hardwood forest in Massachusetts, we added or removed aboveground litter and terminated live root activity through construction of trenches and root barriers to determine the contribution of aboveground litter, below-round litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration. Annual soil respiration at control plots, measured by the soda-lime technique, was 371 g C .cntdot. m-2 year.