Temporary citations

A “citation” is identifying information in the text of your paper used to find a complete reference in the bibliography. There are two types of citations. For writers in the hard science fields, citing a reference is relatively easy. Citations are inserted in-text wether they are in the form of a number or in author-date form. For writers in the fields of humanities, footnotes and endnotes are used to cite references. Biblioscape supports the use of footnotes and endnotes as well. Footnote and endnote generation is controlled by the word processor you use. You only need to insert a Biblioscape temporary citation into the footnote or endnote you have created. Biblioscape will format them correctly and generate a bibliography list as well using the selected output style. In Biblioscape, output styles for use inside footnotes or endnotes start with "*". For example: "*Chicago 15th A (note)".

•	Footnote or endnote: A number is inserted in the text, and detailed reference information is added at the bottom of the page in the case of a footnote, or at the end of manuscript in the case of an endnote. For example: …an enzyme that has attracted considerable interest1.

•	In-text citation: In-text citation can be in the form of a number, or author-date form.

•	An in-text citation consisting of a bibliography number. For example: …an enzyme that has attracted considerable interest (1).

•	An in-text citation consisting of the author and year in parenthesis. For example: …an enzyme that has attracted considerable interest (Smith 1997).

In Biblioscape, in order to generate formatted in-text citations and a bibliography, you need to insert unformatted citations called temporary citations first so the Biblioscape formatter knows where to put the formatted citations and how to convert the raw data into a formatted bibliography. There are two ways to include the temporary citations.

•	Temporary citation with Reference ID: Use a citation tag with the reference ID in the form of [Author Year #Reference ID]. The reference ID is a unique number for a reference record in the database.

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Temporary citation with text - Natural Citation: Use natural citation without a reference ID in the form of [#Identifying text]. This will make your temporary citation become independent from any database. During formatting, Biblioscape will use the text after # to identify a record. If ambiguities arise, Biblioscape will prompt you to pick the reference you want.

During the formatting of a paper, these temporary citations are converted to final citations, and the corresponding bibliography is added at the end of the paper. The selected output style determines what the final citations and bibliographies will look like. In the following section, you will learn how to change the temporary citation to suppress author name or year, add a prefix or suffix to final citations, etc.

By default, Biblioscape will use the Reference ID for temporary citations when you click menu command "Edit | Temporary Citation". If you want to use natural citation and therefore remove any dependency on the Reference ID, click menu command "Tools | Options". On the "Format Manuscript" tab, check the box Use "File As" instead of "Reference ID" for Temporary Citation. Now, when you click "Edit | Temporary Citation", the text in the "File As" field will be used to identify the record. Since Reference ID will change if you move the same record from one database to another, if you plan to use more than one database, we recommend you using natural citation instead of Reference ID.

Note: There are several ways to add temporary citations to your word processor. Within Biblioscape, you can press Ctrl+T or Ctrl+C to copy the temporary citation into the Clipboard, then paste it into your word processor document. Or, you can use BiblioSidekick to drag a reference from BiblioSidekick to your word processor document; the correct temporary citation will be automatically inserted.

“multiple citation” refers to a citation that includes more than one reference.

1.	Select the references that you want to cite by holding down the Shift or Ctrl key while clicking on the desired references.

2.	Go to menu “Edit \| Copy Citation Tag” or “Edit \| Shoot Citation Tag”.

The temporary citations will appear together inside one bracket in the order they appear in the database. For example:

Multiple citations must be separated by “ / ” for Biblioscape to format them correctly. After being formatted by Biblioscape, the above temporary citation may look like (2, 8, 12) or (Smith, 1992; Bowen, 1997; Ishaq, 1989) depending on the style used for formatting.

Certain journals, like the Journal of Organic Chemistry, allow authors to include more than one reference under a single citation. For example:

(3) (a) Wheland, G. W.; Pauling, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 2086-2095. (b) Lert, P. W.; Trindle, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 6392-6395. (c) Thiemann, T.; Li, Y.-Q.; Mataka, S.; Tashiro, M. J. Chem. Res. 1995, 2364-2379.

To cite multiple references under a single citation, you follow the same steps as described above for grouping multiple citations together. After the temporary citations are inserted into the document, you need to change the separator from “ / ” into “ | ”. For example: